Search Here

Neurotypical brains and those with autism spectrum disorder exhibit distinct characteristics. 

Recent research revealed the objective differences in brain microstructures between people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypicals. Using diffusion tensor imaging, scientists examined the brain's microstructures, particularly focusing on myelin, axons and extracellular water movement. The study showed significant differences in axonal conduction velocity and water presence across various brain regions.

The study correlated these structural variances with behavioral traits commonly associated with ASD, as measured by the Social Communication Questionnaire. 

Advancing objective diagnosis and targeted intervention

In a press release, lead author Benjamin Newman highlighted how microstructural differences affect electrical conductivity in the brain, influencing its function. Co-author John Darrell Van Horn also emphasized the need for objective metrics in ASD diagnosis, given the subjectivity of current behavioral assessments. 

This research marks a significant step toward understanding the physiological bases of ASD.

The findings can help in developing targeted therapies by identifying specific biological targets. The approach could revolutionize ASD treatment by providing objective measures to assess therapeutic effectiveness. 

Neurotypical vs. ASD brains

Neurotypicals typically excel in social interaction, sensory processing, and executive functioning. Conversely, people with ASD often face challenges in these areas, including difficulties in social communication, sensory sensitivities, repetitive behaviors and deficits in theory of mind. 

Language development may also vary, with neurotypicals achieving typical milestones while those with ASD may experience delays or differences. Understanding these differences is crucial for providing support and creating inclusive environments. Recognizing the diverse ways in which brains function can foster empathy, acceptance and effective strategies for people across the neurodiversity spectrum.