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Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a sleep disorder characterized by loud noises or sensations perceived in the head upon falling asleep or waking up.

People with EHS commonly report hearing loud noises resembling explosions, gunshots, or crashes. Some describe it as experiencing an electric shock or a sensation of their head exploding. Despite the intensity of these perceptions, they occur without any external source. These episodes typically last only a few seconds but can leave a lasting impression due to their startling nature.

Prevalence and demographics

There is still a lot to go in research involving EHS, but it is believed to be more common than previously thought. It was previously believed that EHS is more prevalent in women and those over the age of 50. However, a study has shown that some experience EHS symptoms even during childhood. In another study, EHS symptoms were also observed in college students of all genders.

Potential causes and triggers

The exact cause of exploding head syndrome remains unclear, but several factors may contribute to its occurrence. One theory suggests that disruptions in the brain's mechanism responsible for transitioning between sleep stages could play a role. Stress, fatigue, irregular sleep patterns and certain medications have also been proposed as potential triggers for EHS episodes.

Diagnosis and management

Diagnosing EHS can be challenging due to its rare and often misunderstood nature. Medical professionals typically rely on the descriptions patients give about their symptoms. They also have to rule out other possible causes, such as neurological conditions or sleep disorders. 

While there is currently no specific treatment for EHS, managing stress, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and practicing relaxation techniques may help reduce the frequency and intensity of episodes.