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Physical fitness has long been associated with both physical and mental well-being. Now, this even includes concentration and attention span.

In a recent study, researchers focused on the link between physical fitness and cognitive performance in adolescents, further understanding past studies about the influence of enhanced physical fitness on attention and concentration.

Physical fitness and brain development

The study emphasized the critical period of adolescence, marked by significant changes in the prefrontal cortex and limbic brain regions. These alterations play pivotal roles in regulating emotions and cognitive functions, contributing to the continuous evolution of cognitive functioning until early adulthood.

Physical fitness, determined by a blend of regular physical activity and genetic factors, is identified as a positive influencer on brain development and cognitive functioning. Some associations they found include increased grey matter volume in essential brain regions like the hippocampus and basal ganglia, elevated white matter microstructure, and greater thickness of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex - all vital components related to attention and cognition.

Components of physical fitness

The research, conducted on 140 adolescents aged 15 to 18, systematically explored the connection between physical fitness and attention levels. The study employed the well-validated German Motor Test to assess five major fitness components: speed, endurance, strength, coordination and flexibility.

Results revealed positive associations between overall physical fitness and concentration performance and speed scores, alongside a negative correlation with error scores. Each component of physical fitness showed significant links with attentional variables, collectively explaining 26% of the variance in attentional test performance.

Endurance and flexibility emerged as predictors for faster attentional test performance, while strength and coordination were linked to reduced errors, indicative of enhanced accuracy in target detection.